What Makes The Sun Shine
Making the Sunday Shine by Nuclear Fusion
All of these calculations are washed in scientific notation to make it easier to write! Briefly, in scientific notation, the exponent of the 10 is equal to the number of places you movement the decimal. For example, i.0 10 105 is 100,000. Negatives piece of work the same manner but movement the decimal in the opposite direction. Then 1.0 x 10-v is 0.00001.
The mass of a proton is 1.67 x 10-27 kg The reaction concatenation requires iv protons every bit the mass input. A helium nucleus has a mass of 6.6326 x 10-27 kg and the 2 positrons produced during the reaction chain have a mass of 9.1139x10-31 kg each, making a total of half-dozen.6344 x 10-27 kg total output mass. And so after the reaction, there is less mass than at that place was earlier. Where did this mass arrears of iv.7227 x x-29 kg go? The nigh famous equation in the earth (E=mc2) supplies the answer! How much free energy will 4.7227 ten 10-29 kg be converted into? (If m is in kg and c is in chiliad/sec, E will be in units of Joules, J)
Now consider this:
We can measure the power output of the Sun to be L=three.nine x ten26 J/due south. If each reaction in the proton-proton cycle produces 4.3 x 10-12 Joules, how many reactions must take identify each second to power the Sun?
# reactions = iii.9 10 1026 / 4.three x 10-12 = 9 x 1037
Recollect we employ upwards iv protons in each reaction, so each 2d, we use upward 3.6 x ten38 protons! How many protons are there in the Dominicus? We can become a quick estimate by calculating
# protons in the Sun ~ (total mass of Sunday) / (mass of proton)
~ two.0 x 1030 kg / i.67 x 10-27 kg
~ i.0 x 1057
If nosotros have 1057 protons to use and nosotros use x38 each second, we have enough protons to terminal for about ten19 seconds…or over 100,000,000,000 years! It is important to note that the Sun volition in fact use up simply about 10% of its protons during its lifetime, however.
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What Makes The Sun Shine,
Source: https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/calculation.html
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